FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a standard network protocol used to transfer files between a client and a server over a network, such as the Internet.
Key Features of FTP
1. Purpose:
- Enables users to upload, download and manage files on a remote server.
- Commonly used for website maintenance, file sharing and data backups.
2. How FTP Works:
- Operates on a client-server model where a client requests files and a server provides them.
- Uses TCP/IP protocols for communication.
- Requires authentication (username and password), though anonymous access is also possible.
3. FTP Modes:
- Active Mode: The client opens a port and waits for the server to establish a connection.
- Passive Mode: The server opens a port for the client to connect, which is useful in firewalled environments.
4. Common Uses of FTP:
- Uploading and maintaining website files on a web server.
- Transferring large files between computers.
- Backing up or archiving data.
FTP Security Considerations
FTP transmits data unencrypted, making it vulnerable to interception. Secure alternatives include:
- FTPS (FTP Secure) – Uses SSL/TLS encryption.
- SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol) – Uses SSH for secure file transfers.