Encryption transforms readable data into an unreadable format. It protects information from unauthorised access. Decryption reverses this process, making the data readable again.
Key Components:
1. Plaintext: Original, readable data
2. Ciphertext: Encrypted, unreadable data
3. Encryption algorithm: Method to convert plaintext to ciphertext
4. Decryption algorithm: Method to convert ciphertext back to plaintext
5. Encryption key: Secret value used in the encryption process
Common Types:
1. Symmetric encryption: Uses the same key for encryption and decryption
2. Asymmetric encryption: Uses different keys for encryption and decryption
Encryption is used in various applications like secure communication, data storage protection and online transactions.