Authentication verifies user or system identity. It involves:
Methods:
- Passwords: Secret strings of characters
- Biometrics: Fingerprints, facial recognition
- Two-factor: Combining multiple authentication types
Process:
- Identity claim: User provides identifier (e.g., username)
- Proof submission: User provides authentication factor
- Verification: System checks provided proof against stored data
Security Measures:
- Encryption: Protect authentication data in transit
- Hashing: Securely store passwords
- Account lockouts: Prevent brute-force attacks
Challenges:
- Balancing security with user convenience
- Protecting against phishing and social engineering
- Managing forgotten passwords or lost devices
Advanced Techniques:
- Single sign-on: One login for multiple services
- Adaptive authentication: Adjusts based on risk factors
- Continuous authentication: Ongoing identity verification
Authentication is a critical component of system security, protecting against unauthorised access.